La plantilla de las aseguradoras crece un 5% en 2010 a pesar de la crisis

posted: 2012-01-13

La crisis golpea a todos los sectores pero algunos muestran más cintura a la hora de soportarla. Y en esta labor, las aseguradoras probablemente se llevan la palma. El gremio no solo no ha reducido su plantilla en estos años de adversidad económica, sino que el pasado año logró crear empleos netos. Hace unas semanas, la patronal aseguradora hizo público que sus socios cerraron 2010 con una plantilla de 50.212 trabajadores. Esta cifra representa un alza del 5% sobre los 47.779 empleos directos del ejercicio previo. Se trata, además, de la cota más alta jamás alcanzada.

Pilar González de Frutos, presidenta de Unespa, subrayó durante una intervención pública a mediados de noviembre la importancia de que se haya logrado crear puestos laborales. Y aprovechó para añadir que el gremio cosecha otros méritos como que "está cerrando años en positivo, estamos cumpliendo con nuestros clientes pese a la dureza de la crisis y de los mercados y, además, no hemos necesitado ni un solo céntimo de ayudas públicas".

Su panorama es bien distinto al de la banca. Las entidades han eliminado 13.277 empleos desde 2008, un 5% de su censo laboral. Además, han solicitado miles de millones en ayudas bajo la forma de préstamos, avales, esquemas de protección de activos o, más recientemente, inyecciones de capital. Casi todos estos apoyos han ido a parar a cajas.

El contraste es patente, pero en parte se justifica por la propia naturaleza del negocio. Mientras que los bancos dejan dinero y luego tienen que recuperarlo, las aseguradoras hacen lo contrario. Ellas cobran por adelantado la prima y materializan el servicio después (indemnización del siniestro o entrega de la prestación). Si el cliente no paga, se le retira la cobertura y desaparece el riesgo. El riesgo de liquidez es mínimo.

El seguro se diferencia de la banca en que él no es propietario exclusivo de su red de distribución. Por eso, no asume en solitario los posibles excesos de capacidad instalada. La banca canaliza su negocio a través de sus oficinas y call centers. Las aseguradoras disponen de estos canales, pero también recurren a agentes y corredores. ¿Está asumiendo, entonces, la mediación el coste social de la crisis?

Francisco Betés, presidente de IMAF, cree que "a pesar del contexto, la mediación mantiene el empleo". Un informe de su consultora desvela que "las corredurías pequeñas han disminuido sus resultados un 50% en los últimos años, mientras las medianas y grandes han tenido descensos en la línea del 10%". En su opinión, el seguro está sometido a un ciclo propio "donde la partida más importante es la siniestralidad y esta tiende a reducirse en la crisis al disminuir la exposición al riesgo".

En la misma línea Martín Navaz, presidente de Adecose, considera que "no se destruye empleo de manera significativa en la mediación". Los datos de la DGS muestras cómo, en 2007, se contabilizaban 16.548 empleados. Y en 2009 eran 15.997. Navaz afirma que "el descenso afecta sobre todo a los corredores personas físicas, mientras que los empleados de personas jurídicas se produce un aumento".

La EPA muestra que la actividad aseguradora da de comer a entre 130.000 y 140.00 personas en los últimos tres años de forma sostenida.

Las cifras

50.212 personas trabajaban en aseguradoras en 2010. El 97% de ellas tenían contrato indefinido.

7.500 agentes, de los 90.000 que hay, facturan más de 300.000 euros en primas. A su vez, el 50% de los corredores facturan menos de un millón al año.

Una mediación atomizada frente a nuevos canales

Agentes y corredores son un elemento clave en la distribución de seguros. Pero su preeminencia empieza a languidecer. Así lo muestra, al menos, el informe sobre la mediación elaborado por la Dirección General de Seguros (DGS). Al cierre de 2009, gestionaban un 42,7% de las primas en cartera, hasta 26.182 millones de euros. Pero su peso en la nueva producción baja al 27,7% y supone 7.359 millones en primas. ¿Pero por qué se produce esta decadencia?

Martín Navaz, presidente de Adecose, enumera los motivos: "La crisis, la agresividad comercial en productos de masa como el auto o el hogar, la aparición de la venta directa, el creciente peso de bancaseguros o los comparadores online producen un descenso del negocio entre la mediación tradicional". A juicio de este directivo, "debería producirse una consolidación en el sector. No tiene sentido que existan cerca de 5.000 corredores y 10.000 agentes cuando la mayoría mueven carteras mínimas".

Francisco Betés, de IMAF, coincide con su diagnóstico. "Tan solo 7.500 agentes de los más de 90.000 facturan más de 300.000 euros en primas. Y la mitad de los corredores inscritos en la DGS facturan menos de un millón en primas", explica. Su diagnóstico es claro: "La consolidación de la mediación es imparable y la crisis lo está acelerando".

¿Recetas para sobrevivir? Este ejecutivo reconoce que "los mediadores introducidos en determinados nichos de mercado podrán subsistir sin problemas". Entre tanto, Navaz apunta medidas a adoptar: "Ante un mercado tan complicado hay que cuidar los costes al máximo, integrarse o compartir la estructura con otros corredores porque permitirá negociar con más fuerza con las compañías".

Fuente: Eduardo G. Ercoreca, cincodias.com


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